Question:
Based on one of the narrations in Sahih Muslim, some scholars state that sports like boxing—where striking the opponent’s face is the main objective—are not permissible. However, some argue that this prohibition applies only when fighting a fellow Muslim, and that striking the face of a non-Muslim does not fall under this ruling.
Is this claim correct?
Answer:
A hadith in Sahih Muslim says: “If one of you fights his brother, let him avoid striking the face, for Allahﷻ created Adam in His image.”
Based on this, we say boxing and similar combat sports are not permissible, because the main aim is to strike the opponent’s face. Some argue that this ruling applies only between Muslims, and that striking the face of a non-Muslim would not fall under the prohibition. That is incorrect.
The Prophetﷺ gave a reason: Allahﷻ created Adam in His image. The human face carries that honored form. This reasoning applies to all human beings, Muslim or non-Muslim. The face of a Muslim and the face of a non-Muslim are both human faces created in that honored form. So, the prohibition is not limited to Muslims.
This applies in ordinary fighting situations. In warfare, the rules differ, because in battle one cannot control where a blow lands. But in personal fights or sports where striking the face is the objective, it contradicts this teaching.
Therefore, saying the hadith applies only between Muslims is wrong. The reason given in the hadith makes it general for all humans.