Question:
A person who is deceased has one wife, a mother, a father, three sons, and two daughters. They are asking how we should distribute this. They are asking how we should divide the property.
Answer:
According to Islamic law, since you have said that the deceased has children, the wife will receive one-eighth. One-eighth means 12 percent will be received by the wife. The mother will receive one-sixth. The father will also receive one-sixth. When the deceased has children, the father does not have the right to take the remaining balance; he only gets one-sixth. So, both the father and the mother will equally receive one-sixth each.
After giving these shares to these three people (wife, mother, father), whatever remains will be taken by the three sons and two daughters. How will they take it? The rule is that for males two shares and for females one share, and the remaining amount will be divided accordingly. This is the general rule.
To implement this practically, the total property should be divided into 192 shares. Only if you use 192 shares can it be divided without remainder. So, combine all the property he left behind and make it into 192 shares.
From those 192 shares, give 24 shares to the wife, which is one-eighth. One-eighth of 192 is 24, so give 24 shares to the wife. Similarly, one-sixth of 192 is 32, so give 32 shares to the mother and 32 shares to the father. After giving this, 104 shares will remain.
Now, these remaining 104 shares must be divided into eight parts. Why eight parts? Because these three sons must be counted double. So, three sons equal six shares, and two daughters equal two shares, making a total of eight shares.
Divide the 104 shares into eight parts. Each son should be given 26 shares. For three sons, this becomes 78 shares in total. There are two daughters, so give 13 shares to each daughter, making 26 shares total for daughters. Now the total becomes exactly 192 shares. This is the correct calculation.
If you explain this in money, suppose there is ₹10 lakh. You asked how to divide ₹10 lakh. If it is ₹10 lakh, the wife will receive ₹1,25,000.
But you also asked about ₹20 lakh. If it is ₹20 lakh, what is one-eighth? ₹2,50,000 will go to the wife. The father will receive ₹3,33,333. The mother will also receive ₹3,33,333. Each son will receive ₹2,70,833. Each daughter will receive ₹1,35,416. If you add everything, it will total ₹20 lakh. If you divide according to this calculation, it will be correct. This is the law regarding that.